Listed below are the 128 civics questions and answers with audio files for the 2020 version of the civics test. These questions cover important topics about American government and history.

The civics test is an oral test and the USCIS officer will ask you to answer 20 out of the 128 civics test questions. You must answer at least 12 questions (or 60%) correctly to pass the 2020 version of the civics test. 

On the civics test, some answers may change because of elections or appointments. Visit our Check for Test Updates page to find any answers that may have changed on the civics test. You must answer the question with the name of the official serving at the time of your naturalization interview.  

Although USCIS is aware that there may be additional correct answers to the civics questions, applicants are encouraged to respond to the questions using the answers provided below.

65/20 Special Consideration 
If you are 65 years old or older and have been living in the United States as a lawful permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the 20 questions that have been marked with an asterisk (*) found at the end of each question. You may also take the civics test in the language of your choice. The USCIS officer will ask you to answer 10 out of the 20 civics test questions with an asterisk. You must answer at least 6 out of 10 questions (or 60%) correctly to pass the 2020 version of the civics test.

Listen to all 128 questions and answers (MP3, 65.89 MB)

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

 

A: Principles of American Government

1. What is the form of government of the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 353.35 KB))

• Republic
• Constitution-based federal republic
• Representative democracy

2. What is the supreme law of the land?* (Play audio (MP3, 202.51 KB))

• (U.S.) Constitution

3. Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does. (Play audio (MP3, 437.32 KB))

• Forms the government
• Defines powers of government
• Defines the parts of government
• Protects the rights of the people

4. The U.S. Constitution starts with the words "We the People.” What does "We the People" mean? (Play audio (MP3, 564.71 KB))

• Self-government
• Popular sovereignty
• Consent of the governed
• People should govern themselves
• (Example of) social contract

5. How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution? (Play audio (MP3, 291.41 KB))

• Amendments
• The amendment process

6. What does the Bill of Rights protect? (Play audio (MP3, 343.45 KB))

• (The basic) rights of Americans
• (The basic) rights of people living in the United States

7. How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?* (Play audio (MP3, 226.27 KB))

• Twenty-seven (27)

8. Why is the Declaration of Independence important? (Play audio (MP3, 530.79 KB))

• It says America is free from British control.
• It says all people are created equal.
• It identifies inherent rights.
• It identifies individual freedoms.

9. What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain? (Play audio (MP3, 261.13 KB))

• Declaration of Independence

10. Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. (Play audio (MP3, 623.69 KB))

• Equality
• Liberty
• Social contract
• Natural rights
• Limited government
• Self-government

11. The words "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" are in what founding document? (Play audio (MP3, 296.46 KB))

• Declaration of Independence

12. What is the economic system of the United States?* (Play audio (MP3, 306.87 KB))

• Capitalism
• Free market economy

13. What is the rule of law? (Play audio (MP3, 487.63 KB))

• Everyone must follow the law.
• Leaders must obey the law.
• Government must obey the law.
• No one is above the law.

14. Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 890 KB))

• Declaration of Independence
• Articles of Confederation
• Federalist Papers
• Anti-Federalist Papers
• Virginia Declaration of Rights
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Mayflower Compact
• Iroquois Great Law of Peace

15. There are three branches of government. Why? (Play audio (MP3, 454.61 KB))

• So one part does not become too powerful
• Checks and balances
• Separation of powers

B: System of Government 

16. Name the three branches of government. (Play audio (MP3, 402.43 KB))

• Legislative, executive, and judicial
• Congress, president, and the courts

17. The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government? (Play audio (MP3, 284.79 KB))

• Executive branch

18. What part of the federal government writes laws? (Play audio (MP3, 450.61 KB))

• (U.S.) Congress
• (U.S. or national) legislature
• Legislative branch

19. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? (Play audio (MP3, 279.86 KB))

• Senate and House (of Representatives)

20. Name one power of the U.S. Congress.* (Play audio (MP3, 437.02 KB))

• Writes laws
• Declares war
• Makes the federal budget

21. How many U.S. senators are there? (Play audio (MP3, 246.7 KB))

• One hundred (100)

22. How long is a term for a U.S. senator? (Play audio (MP3, 259.97 KB))

• Six (6) years 

23. Who is one of your state’s U.S. senators now? (Play audio (MP3, 441.5 KB))

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. senators.]

24. How many voting members are in the House of Representatives? (Play audio (MP3, 288.9 KB))

• Four hundred thirty-five (435)

25. How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives? (Play audio (MP3, 280.68 KB))

• Two (2) years 

26. Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators? (Play audio (MP3, 323.84 KB))

• To more closely follow public opinion

27. How many senators does each state have? (Play audio (MP3, 254.49 KB))

• Two (2)

28. Why does each state have two senators? (Play audio (MP3, 419.25 KB))

• Equal representation (for small states)
• The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

29. Name your U.S. representative. (Play audio (MP3, 495.81 KB))

• Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) representatives in Congress.]

30. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?* (Play audio (MP3, 425.34 KB))

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

31. Who does a U.S. senator represent? (Play audio (MP3, 376.62 KB))

• Citizens of their state
• People of their state

32. Who elects U.S. senators? (Play audio (MP3, 264.14 KB))

• Citizens from their state

33. Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent? (Play audio (MP3, 626.04 KB))

• Citizens in their (congressional) district
• Citizens in their district
• People from their (congressional) district
• People in their district

34. Who elects members of the House of Representatives? (Play audio (MP3, 300.5 KB))

• Citizens from their (congressional) district

35. Some states have more representatives than other states. Why? (Play audio (MP3, 536.54 KB))

• (Because of) the state’s population
• (Because) they have more people
• (Because) some states have more people

36. The President of the United States is elected for how many years?* (Play audio (MP3, 297.93 KB))

• Four (4) years

37. The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why? (Play audio (MP3, 453.32 KB))

• (Because of) the 22nd Amendment
• To keep the president from becoming too powerful

38. What is the name of the President of the United States now?* (Play audio (MP3, 429.88 KB))

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the President of the United States.

39. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?* (Play audio (MP3, 430.91 KB)) 

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Vice President of the United States.

40. If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president? (Play audio (MP3, 324.33 KB))

• The Vice President (of the United States)

41. Name one power of the president. (Play audio (MP3, 735.66 KB)) 

• Signs bills into law
• Vetoes bills
• Enforces laws
• Commander in Chief (of the military)
• Chief diplomat

42. Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? (Play audio (MP3, 316.4 KB))

• The President (of the United States)

43. Who signs bills to become laws? (Play audio (MP3, 312.3 KB))

• The President (of the United States)

44. Who vetoes bills?* (Play audio (MP3, 298.83 KB))

• The President (of the United States)

45. Who appoints federal judges? (Play audio (MP3, 303.36 KB))

• The President (of the United States)

46. The executive branch has many parts. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 556.89 KB))

• President (of the United States)
• Cabinet
• Federal departments and agencies

47. What does the President’s Cabinet do? (Play audio (MP3, 330.83 KB))

• Advises the President (of the United States)

48. What are two Cabinet-level positions? (Play audio (MP3, 2.08 MB))

• Attorney General
• Secretary of Agriculture
• Secretary of Commerce
• Secretary of Defense
• Secretary of Education
• Secretary of Energy
• Secretary of Health and Human Services
• Secretary of Homeland Security
• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
• Secretary of the Interior
• Secretary of Labor
• Secretary of State
• Secretary of Transportation
• Secretary of the Treasury
• Secretary of Veterans Affairs
• Vice President (of the United States)

49. Why is the Electoral College important? (Play audio (MP3, 527.99 KB))

• It decides who is elected president.
• It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection.

50. What is one part of the judicial branch? (Play audio (MP3, 424.78 KB))

• Supreme Court
• Federal Courts

51. What does the judicial branch do? (Play audio (MP3, 756.22 KB))

• Reviews laws
• Explains laws
• Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law
• Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution 

52. What is the highest court in the United States?* (Play audio (MP3, 320.17 KB)) 

• Supreme Court

53. How many seats are on the Supreme Court? (Play audio (MP3, 317.2 KB))

• Nine (9) 

54. How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case? (Play audio (MP3, 349.85 KB))

• Five (5)

55. How long do Supreme Court justices serve? (Play audio (MP3, 583.87 KB))

• (For) life
• Lifetime appointment
• (Until) retirement

56. Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why? (Play audio (MP3, 514.76 KB))

• To be independent (of politics)
• To limit outside (political) influence

57. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? (Play audio (MP3, 486.1 KB))

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Chief Justice of the United States.

58. Name one power that is only for the federal government. (Play audio (MP3, 969.43 KB))

• Print paper money
• Mint coins 
• Declare war
• Create an army
• Make treaties
• Set foreign policy

59. Name one power that is only for the states. (Play audio (MP3, 923.58 KB))

• Provide schooling and education
• Provide protection (police)
• Provide safety (fire departments)
• Give a driver’s license
• Approve zoning and land use

60. What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment? (Play audio (MP3, 407.18 KB))

• (It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.

61. Who is the governor of your state now?* (Play audio (MP3, 424.19 KB))

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a governor.]

62. What is the capital of your state? (Play audio (MP3, 500.96 KB))

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]

C: Rights and Responsibilities

63. There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. (Play audio (MP3, 906.89 KB))

• Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).
• You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.
• Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
• A male citizen of any race (can vote).

64. Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 683.3 KB))

• Citizens
• Citizens of the United States
• U.S. citizens

65. What are three rights of everyone living in the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 1.04 MB))

• Freedom of expression
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom to petition the government
• Freedom of religion
• The right to bear arms

66. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?* (Play audio (MP3, 510.52 KB))

• The United States 
• The flag

67. Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance. (Play audio (MP3, 1.18 MB))

• Give up loyalty to other countries
• Defend the (U.S.) Constitution
• Obey the laws of the United States 
• Serve in the military (if needed)
• Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed)
• Be loyal to the United States

68. How can people become United States citizens? (Play audio (MP3, 659.8 KB))

• Naturalize
• Derive citizenship
• Be born in the United States

69. What are two examples of civic participation in the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 1.73 MB))

• Vote
• Run for office
• Join a political party
• Help with a campaign
• Join a civic group
• Join a community group
• Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue)
• Contact elected officials
• Support or oppose an issue or policy
• Write to a newspaper

70. What is one way Americans can serve their country? (Play audio) (MP3, 1.1 MB)

• Vote
• Pay taxes
• Obey the law
• Serve in the military
• Run for office
• Work for local, state, or federal government

71. Why is it important to pay federal taxes? (Play audio (MP3, 905.98 KB))

• Required by law
• All people pay to fund the federal government
• Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment)
• Civic duty

72. It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why. (Play audio (MP3, 775.95 KB))

• Required by law
• Civic duty
• Makes the draft fair, if needed

AMERICAN HISTORY

 

A: Colonial Period and Independence

73. The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one. )Play audio) (MP3, 1.01 MB)

• Freedom
• Political liberty
• Religious freedom
• Economic opportunity
• Escape persecution

74. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?* (Play audio (MP3, 559.78 KB))

• American Indians
• Native Americans

75. What group of people was taken and sold as slaves? (Play audio (MP3, 563.99 KB))

• Africans
• People from Africa

76. What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain? (Play audio (MP3, 778.65 KB))

• American Revolution
• The (American) Revolutionary War
• War for (American) Independence

77. Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain. (Play audio (MP3, 1.99 MB))

• High taxes 
• Taxation without representation
• British soldiers stayed in Americans’ houses (boarding, quartering)
• They did not have self-government
• Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea Party (Tea Act)
• Stamp Act
• Sugar Act
• Townshend Acts
• Intolerable (Coercive) Acts

78. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?* (Play audio (MP3, 401.63 KB))

• (Thomas) Jefferson

79. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? (Play audio (MP3, 439.29 KB))

• July 4, 1776

80. The American Revolution had many important events. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.38 MB))

• (Battle of) Bunker Hill
• Declaration of Independence 
• Washington Crossing the Delaware (Battle of Trenton)
• (Battle of) Saratoga
• Valley Forge (Encampment)
• (Battle of) Yorktown (British surrender at Yorktown)

81. There were 13 original states. Name five. (Play audio (MP3, 2.45 MB))

• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

82. What founding document was written in 1787? (Play audio (MP3, 440.3 KB))

• (U.S.) Constitution

83. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. (Play audio (MP3, 1.01 MB))

• (James) Madison
• (Alexander) Hamilton
• (John) Jay
• Publius

84. Why were the Federalist Papers important? (Play audio (MP3, 677.88 KB))

• They helped people understand the (U.S.) Constitution.
• They supported passing the (U.S.) Constitution.

85. Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.26 MB))

• Founded the first free public libraries
• First Postmaster General of the United States
• Helped write the Declaration of Independence
• Inventor
• U.S. diplomat

86. George Washington is famous for many things. Name one.* )Play audio) (MP3, 1.07 MB)

• “Father of Our Country”
• First president of the United States
• General of the Continental Army
• President of the Constitutional Convention

87. Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.54 MB))

• Writer of the Declaration of Independence
• Third president of the United States
• Doubled the size of the United States (Louisiana Purchase)
• First Secretary of State
• Founded the University of Virginia
• Writer of the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom

88. James Madison is famous for many things. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.12 MB)

• “Father of the Constitution”
• Fourth president of the United States
• President during the War of 1812
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers

89. Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one. (Play audio) (MP3, 1.35 MB)

• First Secretary of the Treasury
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers
• Helped establish the First Bank of the United States
• Aide to General George Washington
• Member of the Continental Congress

 

B: 1800s

90. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? (Play audio (MP3, 672.91 KB))

• Louisiana Territory
• Louisiana

91. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. (Play audio (MP3, 1.07 MB))

• War of 1812 
• Mexican-American War 
• Civil War 
• Spanish-American War

92. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. (Play audio (MP3, 465.37 KB))

• The Civil War

93. The Civil War had many important events. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.97 MB))

• (Battle of) Fort Sumter 
• Emancipation Proclamation
• (Battle of) Vicksburg
• (Battle of) Gettysburg 
• Sherman’s March
• (Surrender at) Appomattox
• (Battle of) Antietam/Sharpsburg
• Lincoln was assassinated.

94. Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one.* (Play audio (MP3, 1.42 MB)) 

• Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
• Saved (or preserved) the Union
• Led the United States during the Civil War
• 16th president of the United States
• Delivered the Gettysburg Address

95. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? (Play audio (MP3, 1.15 MB))

• Freed the slaves 
• Freed slaves in the Confederacy 
• Freed slaves in the Confederate states 
• Freed slaves in most Southern states

96. What U.S. war ended slavery? (Play audio (MP3, 461.87 KB))

• The Civil War

97. What amendment gives citizenship to all persons born in the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 507.52 KB))

• 14th Amendment

98. When did all men get the right to vote? (Play audio (MP3, 1.1 MB))

• After the Civil War
• During Reconstruction 
• (With the) 15th Amendment
• 1870

99. Name one leader of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s. (Play audio (MP3, 1.55 MB))

• Susan B. Anthony
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Sojourner Truth
• Harriet Tubman
• Lucretia Mott
• Lucy Stone

 

C: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information

100. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s. (Play audio (MP3, 1.36 MB))

• World War I 
• World War II 
• Korean War 
• Vietnam War 
• (Persian) Gulf War

101. Why did the United States enter World War I? (Play audio (MP3, 1.14 MB))

• Because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)
• To oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)

102. When did all women get the right to vote? (Play audio (MP3, 967.39 KB))

• 1920
• After World War I
• (With the) 19th Amendment

103. What was the Great Depression? (Play audio (MP3, 504.33 KB))

• Longest economic recession in modern history

104. When did the Great Depression start? (Play audio (MP3, 768.62 KB))

• The Great Crash (1929)
• Stock market crash of 1929

105. Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II? (Play audio (MP3, 515.56 KB))

• (Franklin) Roosevelt

106. Why did the United States enter World War II? (Play audio (MP3, 1.3 MB))

• (Bombing of) Pearl Harbor
• Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, and Russia)
• To oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)

107. Dwight Eisenhower is famous for many things. Name one. (Play audio (MP3, 1.35 MB))

• General during World War II
• President at the end of (during) the Korean War
• 34th president of the United States
• Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (Created the Interstate System) 

108. Who was the United States' main rival during the Cold War? (Play audio (MP3, 977.54 KB))

• Soviet Union
• USSR
• Russia

109. During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 759.12 KB))

• Communism
• Nuclear war

110. Why did the United States enter the Korean War? (Play audio (MP3, 521.66 KB))

• To stop the spread of communism

111. Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War? (Play audio (MP3, 521.31 KB))

• To stop the spread of communism 

112. What did the civil rights movement do? (Play audio (MP3, 521.34 KB))

• Fought to end racial discrimination

113. Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one.* (Play audio) (MP3, 1.12 MB)

• Fought for civil rights
• Worked for equality for all Americans
• Worked to ensure that people would "not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character"

114. Why did the United States enter the Persian Gulf War? (Play audio (MP3, 552.55 KB))

• To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait

115. What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?* (Play audio (MP3, 1.49 MB))

• Terrorists attacked the United States 
• Terrorists took over two planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City
• Terrorists took over a plane and crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia
• Terrorists took over a plane originally aimed at Washington, D.C., and crashed in a field in Pennsylvania

116. Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks. (Play audio (MP3, 1.05 MB))

• (Global) War on Terror
• War in Afghanistan 
• War in Iraq 

117. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. (Play audio (MP3, 6.39 MB))

• Apache
• Blackfeet
• Cayuga
• Cherokee
• Cheyenne
• Chippewa
• Choctaw
• Creek
• Crow
• Hopi
• Huron
• Inupiat
• Lakota
• Mohawk 
• Mohegan
• Navajo
• Oneida
• Onondaga 
• Pueblo
• Seminole 
• Seneca
• Shawnee
• Sioux 
• Teton
• Tuscarora

For a complete list of tribes, please visit bia.gov.

118. Name one example of an American innovation. (Play audio (MP3, 2.07 MB))

• Light bulb
• Automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)
• Skyscrapers 
• Airplane
• Assembly line
• Landing on the moon
• Integrated circuit (IC)

SYMBOLS AND HOLIDAYS

 

A: Symbols

119. What is the capital of the United States? (Play audio (MP3, 539.44 KB))

• Washington, D.C. 

120. Where is the Statue of Liberty? (Play audio (MP3, 888.47 KB)) 

• New York (Harbor)  
• Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).]

121. Why does the flag have 13 stripes?* (Play audio (MP3, 903.75 KB))

• (Because there were) 13 original colonies
• (Because the stripes) represent the original colonies

122. Why does the flag have 50 stars? (Play audio (MP3, 1.12 MB))

• (Because there is) one star for each state
• (Because) each star represents a state
• (Because there are) 50 states

123. What is the name of the national anthem? (Play audio (MP3, 549.7 KB))

• The Star-Spangled Banner

124. The Nation’s first motto was “E Pluribus Unum.” What does that mean? (Play audio (MP3, 868.17 KB))

• Out of many, one
• We all become one

 

B: Holidays

125. What is Independence Day? (Play audio (MP3, 847.98 KB))

• A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence (from Britain)
• The country’s birthday

126. Name three national U.S. holidays.* (Play audio (MP3, 2.89 MB))

• New Year’s Day 
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 
• Presidents Day (Washington’s Birthday)
• Memorial Day 
• Independence Day 
• Labor Day 
• Columbus Day 
• Veterans Day 
• Thanksgiving Day
• Christmas Day

127. What is Memorial Day? (Play audio (MP3, 581.2 KB))

• A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service

128. What is Veterans Day? (Play audio (MP3, 882.55 KB))

• A holiday to honor people in the (U.S.) military
• A holiday to honor people who have served (in the U.S. military)